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Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm, CH, FBA, FRSL (; 9 June 1917 – 1 October 2012) was a British Marxist historian of the rise of industrial capitalism, socialism, and nationalism. His best-known works include his trilogy about what he called the "long 19th century" (''The Age of Revolution: Europe 1789–1848'', ''The Age of Capital: 1848–1875'' and ''The Age of Empire: 1875–1914''), ''The Age of Extremes'' on the short 20th century, and an edited volume that introduced the influential idea of "invented traditions". Hobsbawm was born in Egypt but spent his childhood mostly in Vienna and Berlin. Following the death of his parents and the rise to power of Adolf Hitler, Hobsbawm moved to London with his adoptive family, then obtained his PhD in history at the University of Cambridge before serving in the Second World War. In 1998 he was appointed to the Order of the Companions of Honour, a UK national honour bestowed for outstanding achievement in the arts, literature, music, science, politics, industry or religion.〔 He was President of Birkbeck, University of London from 2002 until his death.〔 In 2003 he received the Balzan Prize for European History since 1900 "for his brilliant analysis of the troubled history of twentieth-century Europe and for his ability to combine in-depth historical research with great literary talent." ==Early life and education== Hobsbawm was born in 1917 in Alexandria, Egypt, to Leopold Percy Hobsbaum (''né'' Obstbaum), a merchant from the East End of London who was of Polish Jewish descent,〔 and Nelly Hobsbaum (''née'' Grün), who was from a middle-class Austrian Jewish family background. His early childhood was spent in Vienna, Austria, and Berlin, Germany. A clerical error at birth altered his surname from Hobsbaum to Hobsbawm.〔 Although the family lived in German-speaking countries, his parents spoke to him and his younger sister Nancy in English. In 1929, when Hobsbawm was 12, his father died, and he started contributing to his family's support by working as an ''au pair'' and English tutor. Upon the death of their mother two years later (in 1931), he and Nancy were adopted by their maternal aunt, Gretl, and paternal uncle, Sidney, who married and had a son named Peter. Hobsbawm was a student at the Prinz Heinrich-Gymnasium Berlin (today Friedrich-List-School) when Hitler came to power in 1933; that year the family moved to London, where Hobsbawm enrolled in St Marylebone Grammar School (now defunct).〔 Hobsbawm attended King's College, Cambridge, from 1936,〔''The Economist'', 6 October 2012, p. 108.〕 where he took a double-starred first in History and was elected to the Cambridge Apostles. He received a doctorate (PhD) in History from Cambridge University for his dissertation on the Fabian Society. During World War II, he served in the Royal Engineers and the Royal Army Educational Corps. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eric Hobsbawm」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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